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The use of microwave-assisted processing for special stain protocols, especially silver stains, will shorten staining times and produce better, more reproducible results.
A. Technology is required to achieve consistent and reproducible results. Rate of temperature increase, control of maximum temperature and uniform temperature throughout the staining vessel are the keys.
B. A unique PTFE-coated temperature probe has been designed for special stains and decalcification. The coated temperature probe will not contaminate or react with the wide range of reagents required for these processes.
C. The following microwave technology guarantees reproducibility during special staining:
a. Air bubbler: A specially designed air bubbler with needle valve air-flow control plus accessories to achieve uniform spatial heating in a vertical column of stain (i.e. coplin jars).
b. Variable wattage: The duration of continuous microwave exposure can be varied to yield the best heating curve and temperature control for the particular stain.
c. Temperature restrictive temperature probe: The PTFE-coated probe is set to maintain any desired temperature maximum of the stain reagents. This feature makes microwave-assisted staining a ONE STEP operation.
d. Water recirculation: Makes calibration of the microwave cavity quick, easy and reproducible from run to run. It also guarantees that the microwave environment remains uniform over time when employing long (typically >1 min.) periods of continuous microwave irradiation.
D. The duration of microwave exposure is dependent on the results each individual lab desires. Continuous microwave times from 2 to 5 minutes are good ranges for silver stains. The results of microwave exposure can be evaluated as being a linear process. If four 1 minute irradiations yield the desired results, then one continuous 4 minute irradiation should yield similar results.
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